Manav Goyal

Basic - Terminal

  • Benefits
    • Gives greater Control, Speed & Efficiency
    • Access remote servers, Headless OS
    • Command line tools
  • Difference
    • Terminal
      • Tool that you use to type and execute commands
      • Used to be a hardware
    • Command Line
      • The interface of the terminal
    • Shell
      • The program that the terminal runs
      • The "OS" of the terminal
  • Key Commands
    • Up Arrow => Shows your last command
    • Down Arrow => Shows your next command
    • Tab => Auto-complete your command
    • Ctrl + L => Clear the screen
      • clear
    • Ctrl + C => Cancel a command
    • Ctrl + R => Search for a command
    • Ctrl + D => Exit the terminal
  • Manual Command
    • man command => Manual of any command, q to exit
      • command --help => For windows
    • whoami => Shows you the current user that you are logged in as
    • date => Shows you the current date and time
  • Navigation
    • pwd => Lists the path to the working directory
    • ls => List directory contents
      • ls -a => List contents including hidden files (Files that begin with a dot)
      • ls -l => List contents with more info including permissions (long listing)
      • ls -r => List contents reverse order
    • cd => Change directory to home
      • cd dirName => Change directory to specific directory
      • cd ~ => Change to home directory
      • cd .. => Change to parent directory
      • cd - => Change to previous directory (which could be different than the parent of course)
      • cd / => Change to root directory
    • find dir1 -name fileName => Find location of a program
  • Opening a Folder/File
    • open dirName => Mac
    • start dirName => Windows
    • xdg-open dirName => Linux
  • Modifying Files & Directories
    • mkdir dirName => Make directory
    • touch fileName => Create file
      • > fileName => Can start typing after creation
      • touch file-{001..100}.txt => Create 100 files
    • rm fileName => Remove file
      • rm -i fileName => Remove directory, but ask before
      • rm -r dirName => Remove directory
      • rm -rf dirName => Remove directory with contents
      • rm ./* => Remove everything in the current folder
    • cp fileName dirName => Copy file
    • mv fileName dirName => Move file
      • mv dirName dirName => Move directory
      • mv fileName1 fileName2 => Rename file or folder
      • mv fileName fileName -v => Rename Verbose - print source/destination directory
  • View content of File
    • cat fileName => Display contents of file
      • cat fileName2 fileName1 => View contents of multiple file
      • cat > fileName => Can start typing
      • cat >> fileName => Append to a file
      • cat -n fileName => Show line numbers
    • less fileName => q to exit, Scroll using arrows or page up/down
    • more fileName => See content of big file, space for next page, enter for next line, q for exit
    • head fileName => Shows first 10 lines of file by default
      • head -n 5 fileName
    • tail fileName => Shows last 10 lines of file by default
      • tail -n 5 fileName
    • echo "value" => Display the value
      • echo "value" > fileName => Write to a file
      • echo "value" >> fileName => Append to a file
  • Searching
    • grep searchTerm fileName => Returns line that matches the given pattern, Can also use regular expression
    • find dirName -name fileName => Returns names of files that matches the filename
      • . represents current directory
    • find dirName -empty => Returns empty files
    • find dirName -name fileName -delete => Deletes file
      • rm -f fileName
    • Piping
      • Way of redirecting standard output to another destination, such as another file
      • find dirName -name fileName > fileName1 => Pipe the result from our find into a new file
  • Symlink
    • A symlink is a special type of file that points to another file
    • It is a shortcut to the original file
    • It is useful when you want to access a file in a different location without having to copy it
    • ln -s fileName symlinkName => Create a Symlink
      • mklink symlinkName fileName
    • rm symlinkName => Remove a Symlink
  • History
    • history => Displays the history of commands
      • !100 => Run the 100th line from history
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