
-   Multiprocessor
    -   Uses shared memory
    -   Types
        -   Bus Based
            -   It consists of some number of CPU all connected to a common bus along with memory module
            -   Direct access to shared memory
            -   Connected to a common bus
            -   Stores recent data
        -   Switch Based
            -   <img src="https://ik.imagekit.io/manav11goyal11/blog/images/distributed-systems/tr:w-300/13.jpg" alt="Image Not Found" title="Switch Based" height="250px" />
            -   Cross switch
                -   Each CPU and memory are connected
                -   For "n" CPU and "n" memory n<sup>2</sup> switches are needed
            -   Omega switch
                -   Any memory can be accessed by any switch
                -   Uses fast switching to decrease latency
-   Multi-Computers
    -   Every computer has its own memory
    -   Types
        -   <img src="https://ik.imagekit.io/manav11goyal11/blog/images/distributed-systems/tr:w-400/12.jpg" alt="Image Not Found" title="Multi-Computer" height="250px" />
        -   Bus Based
            -   Machines are connected using single cable
            -   Processors are connected by bus and share the memory by communicating over the bus
        -   Switch Based
            -   There are individual wires from machines to machine with many different wiring pattern
-   Homogeneous Multi-Computers
    -   System Area Network
        -   Nodes are mounted in a big rack and connected through single high performance network
    -   Bus based Multi-computer
        -   20 to 100 nodes
        -   Connected thorough shared multi-access network such as fast Ethernet
    -   Switch based Multi-computer
        -   Grid
            -   2-Dimensional Network
        -   Hypercube
            -   N-dimensional cube where each vertex is CPU
-   Heterogenous Multi-Computers


Manav Goyal

Hardware Concepts - Distributed Systems